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Mars Surveyor '98 program
The Mars Surveyor '98 program comprised two spacecraft launched separately, the Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter) and the Mars Polar Lander (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander); on board the Mars Polar Lander spacecraft were two surface-penetrator probes (Deep Space 2). The two missions were to study the Martian weather, climate, water and carbon dioxide (CO2) budget, to understand the reservoirs, behavior, and atmospheric role of volatiles and to search for evidence of long-term and episodic climate changes.
Both spacecraft were launched during the 1998 Mars orbit insertion launch window. Both were lost, including the penetrator probes.
== Loss of the orbiter ==
The orbiter was lost due to a miscalculation in trajectory caused by an unintended and undetected mismatch between metric and English units of measurement.〔(News Sci/Tech http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/462264.stm "Confusion leads to Mars failure" ), Thursday, September 30, 1999 - Retrieved 24 June 2014〕 The use of metric units as well as the data formats to employ were specified in a navigation software interface specification (SIS) published by JPL in 1996. Despite this, the flight operations team at Lockheed Martin provided impulse data in English units of pound-force seconds rather than newton seconds. These values were incorrect by a factor of 4.45 (1 lbf = 4.45 N). This caused erroneous course corrections that caused the orbiter to descend too low in Mars's atmosphere. The vehicle either burned up or bounced off into space.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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